Forskningsanslag 2018
立博线上 - Forskning vid Uppsala universitet - Uppsala
We examine how its function is controlled and compromised, and review studies that target alpha cell function. Findings from the past 10 years have placed the glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cell centre stage in the development of diabetes mellitus, a disease affecting almost one in every ten adults worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by selective loss of beta cells and insulin secretion, which significantly impact glucose homeostasis. However, this progressive disease is also associated with dysfunction of the alpha cell component of the islet, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia due to paradoxical hyperglucagonemia or lead to severe hypoglycemia as a result of failed counterregulation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhances islet function by potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells; however, the mechanisms by which GLP-1 potentiates GSIS remain incompletely defined.
Swapping alpha cells for beta cells to treat diabetes March 4, 2021 By Namita Nayyar (WF Team) Blocking cell receptors for glucagon, the counter-hormone to insulin, cured mouse models of diabetes by converting glucagon-producing cells into insulin producers instead, a team led by UT Southwestern reports in a new study. Swapping Alpha Cells For Beta Cells to Treat Diabetes Antibodies that convert glucagon-producing cells into insulin-producing ones cure mouse models of the disease 1-Mar-2021 2:00 PM EST , by UT InR1-G9 cells gave the appropriate glucose-regulated glucagon secretion in the absence of insulin. To characterize the effect of ceramide directly on the alpha cell, 400,000 cells were plated per well in a 12-well tissue culture plate. The next day cells were treated with ceramide at the indicated concentrations. Sponsor: NIH-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Grant Number: 5F30DK126538-02. Title: Defining Alpha-Cell PC1/3 Expression Regulation for Type 2 Diabetes.
"Even after decades of an autoimmune attack on their beta cells, Type 1 Holland notes that being able to push alpha cells to shift to beta cells could be especially promising for type 1 diabetics. “Even after decades of an autoimmune attack on their beta cells, type 1 diabetics will still have plentiful amounts of alpha cells. They aren’t the cells in the pancreas that die,” Holland said in a press release.
Immunopathology of the Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes - DiVA
The alpha cells are present in normal numbers but their function is impaired. [ 5] T There is no definite evidence for an An attractive hypothesis, defended by Gerich, is that the alpha cell participates in the insulin resistance characteristic of type 2 diabetes.
Klinisk prövning på Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Dapagliflozin
2018-08-09 · Alpha and beta cells are two endocrine pancreas cell types. They secrete hormones glucagon and insulin respectively. This is the key difference between Alpha and Beta cells. Furthermore, Beta cells are the most abundant cells in islets. They occupy more than 70% of the total cells.
This article reviews alpha cell function in type 1 diabetes mellitus. We examine how its function is controlled and compromised, and review studies that target alpha cell function. Findings from the past 10 years have placed the glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cell centre stage in the development of diabetes mellitus, a disease affecting almost one in every ten adults worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by selective loss of beta cells and insulin secretion, which significantly impact glucose homeostasis. However, this progressive disease is also associated with dysfunction of the alpha cell component of the islet, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia due to paradoxical hyperglucagonemia or lead to severe hypoglycemia as a result of failed counterregulation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhances islet function by potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells; however, the mechanisms by which GLP-1 potentiates GSIS remain incompletely defined. In the classic model, GLP-1 secreted by the intestinal L cells in response to the ingestion of nutrients stimulates the β-cell GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) to enhance GSIS
The secretion of glucagon by pancreatic alpha-cells plays a critical role in the regulation of glycaemia.
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The problem also involves shutting off immune responses, and eliminating behavioral and environmental factors that precipitate diabetes.. When there is an immune response that attacks beta cells, we have Type 1 diabetes.Over a fairly short period of time, it results in complete 2019-01-15 Oversecretion of glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and modulating these glucagon levels reduces hyperglycaemia.
The average ratio was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects (0.72) than in non-diabetic subjects (0.42), with, however, a large overlap between the two groups. 2010-04-06
Alpha cells are not attacked by the autoimmune processes that destroy beta cells and causes type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects children, adolescents and adults, in which the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone that enables people to convert food into energy.
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Ny möjlig experimentell reglermekanism för glukagon
Swapping Alpha Cells For Beta Cells to Treat Diabetes Antibodies that convert glucagon-producing cells into insulin-producing ones cure mouse models of the disease 1-Mar-2021 2:00 PM EST , by UT InR1-G9 cells gave the appropriate glucose-regulated glucagon secretion in the absence of insulin. To characterize the effect of ceramide directly on the alpha cell, 400,000 cells were plated per well in a 12-well tissue culture plate. The next day cells were treated with ceramide at the indicated concentrations. Sponsor: NIH-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Long-Lasting Immune Responses 4 Years after GAD-Alum
Findings from the past 10 years have placed the glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cell centre stage in the development of diabetes mellitus, a disease affecting almost one in every ten adults worldwide.
They aren't the cells in the pancreas that die," he says. Beta cell replacement strategies hold promise for permanently treating type 1 diabetes. In Cell Stem Cell, Xiao et al.